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Fresh household bleach at ½ to ¾ cup bleach to 1 gallon of water up to full strength. When conditions
permit, spray and wash the entire interior of your home with this solution or,
Warning: The following chemicals are extremely dangerous to your health. It is advisable to let a
professional decontaminate your home when using formaldehyde or formalin.
Mix 5 parts formaldehyde to 3 parts methanol alcohol. It will take 4 to 5 quarts to decontaminate 100
cubic feet of space. Keep the space closed for 8 hours and do not occupy the space for two days. These
products can be bought at most pharmacies or specially ordered.
Formalin - use full strength at 1 quart per 1000 cubic feet. Keep indoor areas closed for 16 hours, and
do not occupy the area for 3 days.
Note: Formaldehyde, Formalin and methanol alcohol can be found at most pharmacies or specially
ordered. Many viruses and other bacteria can be destroyed or neutralized with a solution of common
household bleach. Use ½ to ¾ cup of bleach per gallon of warm water for interior surfaces. Allow the
disinfectant to remain on the surfaces for at least 4 hours. Always read and thoroughly understand the label
and any literature, which accompanies these chemicals before using for decontamination.
Other Decontaminants, and Where to Find Them
Most decontamination materials are available from commerc ial cleaning suppliers. Several brand-name
cleaning solutions and concentrates are available from local industrial cleaning supply houses. Many of
these companies will sell retail. If not, many individuals will know of someone that can purchase the items
for them.
Medical supply houses carry biological decontamination solutions. Again, individuals that cannot buy
directly from these suppliers often know someone that can, or may be able to purchase them through their
employer.
Home-made solutions are not much cheaper than ready-made industrial supplies. Whether home-made or
commercial, supplies must be obtained prior to an event or attack. The use and mixture of home-made
solutions should be learned in the event that their commercial counterparts are unavailable.
Warning: Those that use home oxygen support systems should not use any petroleum based product
on their skin while hooked up to the system. There is an ignition danger.
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Section 6 Expedient Fallout Shelters and Sealed Rooms
35
Fallout Shelters and Sealed Rooms
There are some major differences between a fallout shelter and a sealed room type shelter. For example,
fallout shelters are for nuclear attacks, but can also be used for biological or chemical attacks if they are
well sealed and have an air filtration system. Radioactive contamination (fallout) persists over decades (see
Abc s of NBC Warfare) This type of contaminant must be encapsulated, removed from living areas and
buried. Fallout shelters must be able to withstand a nuclear blast and thermal effects. They must also be
able to shield against radiation. This is done by knowing the protective values of certain materials. The
thickness of a material will determine its ability to reduce a certain amount of radiation (see ABC s of
NBC Warfare).
The following paragraphs will explain the procedures for neutralizing and protecting yourself from
biological and chemical agents. Biological agents are persistent and will multiply and spread. They must be
neutralized (killed), encapsulated and removed. It is not likely that all three types of NBC Warfare would
be initiated at the same time. For example, a nuclear detonation would render the other types useless. If you
are located far enough away from the nuclear detonation, explosion at a nuclear plant or radiation delivered
by a (dirty bomb), your sealed room may suffice.
Chemical agents are short-lived, but can be deadly depending on the agent used. They too must be
neutralized, encapsulated and removed. Biological and Chemical agents are designed to seek low-lying
spaces. This can pose a problem for the individual who is trying to build a shelter that withstands all three
types of attack. Basements or crawl spaces can be used as fallout shelters. An upstairs room can be sealed
and used with an expedient fallout shelter centered in one of the living spaces in your home. A fallout
shelter that is fully sealed with air filtration can do both.
Note: The book, Nuclear War Survival Skills by Cresson Kearny has several plans and drawings related to
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